PROCTOLOGY:
Haemorrhoids can get worse without treatment, but you can reduce your chances of getting haemorrhoids by lifestyle changes.
The treatment is always based on your individual needs and condition.
You can choose from non-surgical haemorrhoids treatments such as medications and banding.
If your haemorrhoids need surgical treatment, we offer gold-standard procedures.
Haemorrhoids symptoms
Sometimes haemorrhoids symptoms can be mild, and you won’t even notice you have them. But you might find haemorrhoids affect your day to day life.
You may need haemorrhoids treatment if you have these symptoms:
- Bright red blood when you go to the toilet
- A sore, itchy or swollen anus
- Thick jelly-like mucus after you pass a stool
- Swollen lumps of blood vessels inside or outside your rectum
Many factors can cause haemorrhoids, and you should get advice from a doctor if they don’t go away on their own.
You’re more likely to get haemorrhoids if you:
- Try to push hard or strain when you pass stool or are constipated, especially for a long time
- Avoid the urge to go to the toilet when you need to
- Don’t drink enough water or eat enough fibre each day, from foods like vegetables or whole grains
- Are pregnant
- Are over 50 years old
- Lift heavy objects regularly
- Haemorrhoids complications
You may need treatment if you start to get side effects or complications from having haemorrhoids.
- Are experiencing any level of pain from your haemorrhoids
- Find it uncomfortable or hard to sit down, even on soft surfaces
- Are avoiding going to the toilet
- Are bleeding regularly after going to the toilet
- Have seen no improvement after drinking more water and eating more fibre
- Have tried using medication you’ve bought from a pharmacy or otherwise
- Cannot enjoy your life as normal because of your haemorrhoids
Lifestyle changes to treat haemorrhoids
You can make easy and practical lifestyle changes to help treat haemorrhoids such as:
- Making sure you go to the toilet as soon as you feel the urge to go
- Drinking enough water to help with bowel movements
- Eating at least 30g of fibre each day from fresh or dried fruit, vegetables, beans and whole grains
- Waiting after giving birth for haemorrhoids to go away naturally
If these lifestyle changes do not help improve your haemorrhoids, your next step is to try non-surgical or surgical haemorrhoids treatments.
We can guide you through the process the treatment options and which one is right for you.
An anal fissure is a small tear in the thin, moist tissue that lines the anus. The anus is the muscular opening at the end of the digestive tract where stool exits the body. Common causes of an anal fissure include constipation and straining or passing hard or large stools during a bowel movement. Anal fissures typically cause pain and bleeding with bowel movements. You also may experience spasms in the ring of muscle at the end of your anus, called the anal sphincter.
Anal fissures are very common in young infants but can affect people of any age. Most anal fissures get better with simple treatments, such as increased fiber intake or soaking in a warm-water bath. Some people with anal fissures may need medicine or, occasionally, surgery.
Symptoms of an anal fissure include:
• Pain during bowel movements.
• Pain after bowel movements that can last up to several hours.
• Bright red blood on the stool or toilet paper after a bowel movement.
• A visible crack in the skin around the anus.
• A small lump or skin tag on the skin near the anal fissure.
• Common causes of anal fissures include:
• Passing large or hard stools.
• Constipation and straining during bowel movements.
• Long-lasting diarrhea.
• Anal intercourse.
• Childbirth.
Complications of an anal fissure may include:
• Failure to heal. An anal fissure that fails to heal within eight weeks is considered chronic and may need further treatment.
• Recurrence. Once you’ve experienced an anal fissure, you are prone to having another one.
• A tear that extends to surrounding muscles. An anal fissure may extend into the ring of muscle that holds your anus closed. This muscle is called the internal anal sphincter. If this happens, it makes it more difficult for your anal fissure to heal. An unhealed fissure may trigger a cycle of discomfort that may require medicines or surgery to reduce the pain and to repair or remove the fissure.
Prevention
You may be able to prevent an anal fissure by taking measures to prevent constipation or diarrhea. Eat high-fiber foods, drink fluids, and exercise regularly to keep from having to strain during bowel movements.
When to see a doctor
See your health care provider if you have pain during bowel movements or notice blood on stools or toilet paper after a bowel movement.
An anal fistula is a tunnel that develops between the inside of the anus and the outside skin around the anus. The anus is the muscular opening at the end of the digestive tract where stool exits the body.
Most anal fistulas are the result of an infection that starts in an anal gland. The infection causes an abscess that drains on its own or is drained surgically through the skin next to the anus. This drainage tunnel remains open and connects the infected anal gland or the anal canal to a hole in the outside skin around the anus.
Surgery is usually needed to treat an anal fistula. Sometimes nonsurgical treatments may be an option.
Causes
Most anal fistulas are caused by an infection that starts in an anal gland. The infection results in an abscess that drains on its own or is drained surgically through the skin next to the anus. A fistula is the tunnel that forms under the skin along this drainage tract. The tunnel connects the anal gland or anal canal to a hole in the outside skin around the anus.
Rings of sphincter muscle at the opening of the anus allow you to control the release of stool. Fistulas are classified by their involvement of these sphincter muscles. This classification helps the surgeon determine treatment options.
Risk factors
Risk factors for an anal fistula include:
• Previously drained anal abscess
• Crohn’s disease or other inflammatory bowel disease
• Trauma to the anal area
• Infections of the anal area
• Surgery or radiation for treatment of anal cancer
Anal fistulas occur more often in males than in females.
Complications
Even with effective treatment of an anal fistula, recurrence of an abscess and an anal fistula is possible. Surgical treatment may result in the inability to hold in stool (fecal incontinence).
A colon polyp is a small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the bowel. Most colon polyps are harmless. But over time, some colon polyps can develop into colon cancer. Colon cancer can be fatal when found in its later stages.
Anyone can develop colon polyps. You’re at higher risk if you are 50 or older, are overweight or are a smoker. You’re also at higher risk if you have a personal or family history of colon polyps or colon cancer.
Colon polyps don’t usually cause symptoms. It’s important to have regular screening tests because colon polyps found in the early stages can usually be removed safely and completely. The best prevention for colon cancer is regular screening for and removal of polyps.
Symptoms
Most people with colon polyps do not have any symptoms. You might not know you have a polyp until your health care provider finds it during an exam of your colon.
However, some people with colon polyps may have:
• Change in bowel habits. Constipation or diarrhea that lasts longer than a week may mean the presence of a larger colon polyp or cancer. However, several other conditions also can cause changes in bowel habits.
• Change in stool color. Blood can show up as red streaks in your stool or make stool appear black. A change in color also may be caused by certain foods, medicines or dietary supplements.
• Iron deficiency anemia. Bleeding from polyps can happen slowly over time, without visible blood in your stool. Chronic bleeding may lead to iron deficiency anemia, which can make you feel tired and short of breath.
• Pain. A large colon polyp can block part of your bowel, leading to crampy abdominal pain.
• Rectal bleeding. This can be a sign of colon polyps or cancer or other conditions, such as hemorrhoids or minor tears of the anus.
When to see a doctor
See your health care provider if you experience:
• Abdominal pain.
• Blood in your stool.
• A change in your bowel habits that lasts longer than a week.
You should be screened regularly for polyps if:
• You are age 50 or older.
• You have risk factors, such as a family history of colon cancer. Some high-risk individuals should begin regular screening much earlier than age 50.
Rectal prolapse happens when part of the large intestine’s lowest section, the rectum, slips outside the muscular opening at the end of the digestive tract known as the anus. While rectal prolapse may cause pain, it’s rarely a medical emergency.
Rectal prolapse is sometimes treated with stool softeners, suppositories and other medicines. But surgery is usually needed to treat rectal prolapse.
Symptoms
If you have rectal prolapse, you may notice a reddish lump that comes out of the anus, often while straining during a bowel movement. The lump may slip back inside the anus, or it may continue to be seen.
Other symptoms may include:
• You cannot control your bowel movements, known as fecal incontinence.
• Constipation or loose stools.
• Leaking blood or mucus from the rectum.
• Feeling that your rectum isn’t empty after a bowel movement.
Causes
The cause of rectal prolapse is unclear. Though it’s a common belief that rectal prolapse is related to childbirth, about one-third of women with this health problem never had children.
Risk factors
Some things may increase your risk of getting rectal prolapse, including:
• Sex – most people with rectal prolapse are women.
• Age – rectal prolapse most often happens in people over age 50.
• Constipation – straining may increase the risk of rectal prolapse.
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